E-grocery Industry in the US

E-basic food item Industry in the US 1.1 Introduction and Background An old Chinese saying goes this way: Food to the individuals resembles individuals to a ruler. It implies that simply like a lord needs to depend on the help of his kin to stay on the seat, conventional individuals need to depend on nourishment for endurance. The significance of food is widespread, and the retail food industry is an indispensable piece of the monetary movement of each nation. The food on Americas table is for the most part provided by markets, hypermarkets and discounters. Americans are accustomed to heading off to these conventional stores face to face to purchase staple goods. With an expanding number of food merchants currently offer web based requesting and home conveyance of staple goods, Americans are slowly changing the manner in which they search for staple goods. Online staple retailing is turning out to be increasingly normal. New beginning up online basic food item retailers, for example, Peapod and FreshDirect are in the market to rival customary stores. A portion of these new online food merchants have support from customary general store chains. Some are â€Å"pure-play† or independent food merchants that work their own flexibly chains and offices. Conventional general stores are additionally offering internet requesting and home conveyance to clients as another circulation direct in a battle to keep the pieces of the pie from being r emoved by the new pursuits. Online food merchants use distinctive working techniques and plans of action. History has seen the two victories and disappointments in this industry. Different parts of online shopping for food have been examined, however scarcely any examinations have looked at the effective and less fruitful organizations in this industry to recognize the attributes that add to these results. By recognizing these key factors, this investigation means to search for plans of action that have a superior possibility of progress. When considered an image of the website crash, the online basic food item industry battles to return to life. Applying a sound plan of action and compelling operational methodologies is basic for the current players so as to remain serious and effective. New pursuits that mean to join this business additionally need to think of a promising arrangement. This investigation endeavors to add to the assortment of information and give bits of knowledge that may be useful to these organizations. 1.2 History of Home Grocery Delivery Neighborhood supermarkets have, truth be told, offered conveyance administrations since the nineteenth century. Around then, urban residents, who didn't possess ponies like the inhabitants of provincial zones, had food supplies conveyed to their home for nothing out of pocket. The greater part of them didn't possess a vehicle until the start of large scale manufacturing of autos in 1914. Fifty years prior, Americans were accustomed to having milkmen convey new milk to their doorstep every morning. In later decades, merchants have permitted clients to arrange and get their food at home. During the 1960s, outsider organizations offered telephone in conveyance administrations for goods. Be that as it may, these administrations were typically fleeting. Todays customers are erotic customers who want to utilize their five faculties in picking their buys. Staple goods, particularly food, are the sort of product that customers would need to see, feel, smell, contact, and perhaps taste face to face before they make the buy (Underhill, 1999). The accommodation of driving their own family vehicles and having the option to truly contact and feel the food in huge markets made numerous clients reluctant to exploit telephone in administrations. Absence of productivity has been the most serious issue for these basic food item conveyance administrations for sellers. By the mid-1980s, some neighborhood staple conveyance administrations permitted clients to peruse item postings and spot orders b y PC. Showcasing procedures utilized during this time, for example, the emphasis on rural families and the utilization of value advancements to pull in new clients, would later surface again among the online organizations of the late-1990s (â€Å"E-Commerce: Online,† 2004). In 1989, Peapod, an online staple business, developed in rural Chicago. In the days prior to the World Wide Web, Peapods clients utilized restrictive programming and a modem to dial into their frameworks in Chicago and San Francisco (â€Å"Background on Peapod,† n.d.). Peapod banded together with Jewel in Chicago and with Safeway in San Francisco to assemble the requests to be conveyed to clients (â€Å"Peapod organization history,† n.d.). Apprehensive they were passing up the piece of the pie involved by Peapod, numerous supermarkets got on board with the temporary fad of locally situated requesting and conveyance in the 1990si. Safeway considered growing their association with Peapod to cover a bigger piece of the Southwestern United States. Different chains connected their lists to online substance administrations like Prodigy and utilized their own representatives to satisfy orders. In any case, by the mid-1990s, it was away from of the early desires for the business would not be met. Basic food item chains and stores found that internet requesting and conveyance were not beneficial. Peapod depended distinctly on PC based requesting and experienced developing interest. Deals multiplied each year (Funding Universe, n.d.); nonetheless, costs additionally rose, causing Peapod to endure proceeding with misfortunes and developing obligation. Peapod saw the ascent of new contenders like Streamline Inc. in rural Boston in 1993. Not at all like Peapods organizations with existing food merchants, Streamline built up its own stockrooms, just as associations with wholesalers and merchants. Smooth out conveyed to their own cases situated in the carports of their clients (Borrego, 2001). By 1996, organizations like Peapod, Streamline, and HomeRuns had made their own sites. The World Wide Web had made a typical stage where these organizations could construct their requesting frameworks. During the stature of the Internet blast, financial specialists emptied cash into these website adventures. Exploiting this pattern, HomeGrocer and Webvan joined the field of contenders. Webvan was begun in 1999, offering more than 18,000 transient and durable things. It fabricated profoundly robotized distribution centers to process its requests. Webvan permitted clients to plan a 30-minute window for following day staple conveyance (Feather, 2001). Webvan had pulled in $1 billion of funding and had wanted to forcefully venture into 26 urban communities. Established in 1999, SimonDelivers was another online merchant. It serves the Minneapolis-St.Paul metropolitan region of Minnesota and Western Wisconsin (â€Å"SimonDelivers,† 2008). Development didn't go easily for these new food merchants, be that as it may. Peapod was enduring income issues by 1999. It wasnt until Royal Ahold, a Dutch-based universal store administrator, acted the hero with $73 million of every 2000 that Peapod was spared from breakdown (Lerner, 2002). By 2002, about all the main online food merchants (HomeGrocer, HomeRuns, Kozmo, Shoplink, Streamline, Urbanfetch, and Webvan) were gone. The main survivors were Peapod and SimonDelivers. The online basic food item industry was squashed. Webvan was the most astounding disappointment, having consumed $1 billion of funding in only two years in spite of having what was once viewed as the model destined to succeed (Porres, 2003). Webvans ensuing disappointment made many lose confidence in the possibility of online shopping for food out and out. In the early years, overenthusiastic projections of the online basic food item industry anticipated it would cover as much as 20 percent of all basic food ite m deals by the mid-1990s or 2000. Afterward, gauges by Forrester Research in 1998 restrained their estimates, dropping their projections of 2004s anticipated that online deals should under five percent of US basic food item retail deals (â€Å"E-Commerce: Online,† 2004). Ascending from the remains of the online basic food item disappointments were increasingly mindful endeavors in the online world. A downsized Peapod, with sponsorship from Royal Ahold, was joined by physical food merchants currently testing the online waters. Despite the fact that encountering some budgetary trouble, SimonDelivers endured the website blast and bust by making sure about $15 million in financing and concentrating on its neighborhood showcase as opposed to growing across the country (Tellijohn, 2000). 1.3 Factors Driving the Popularity of Online Grocery Shopping In todays occupied world, the time accessible for shopping for food is scant. Americans presently work more and along these lines have less leisure time. As per a 2008 positioning by the Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD), Americans are among the most diligent individuals on the planet with 1,797 work hours on normal every year (Olson, 2008). For families with youngsters, taking the children to the market adds to the pressure of the task. Due to contending requests on their time from work and home, individuals are bound to look for staple goods on the web. Many incapacitated individuals depend on online staple administrations to fill their coolers and in light of the rapidly maturing US populace, all the more old individuals are additionally prone to be keen on e-shopping for food. With Peapod working in the Midwest and East Coast, FreshDirect in New York City, Albertsons and Safeway in the West, Simon Delivers in Minnesotas Twin Cities region and Shnucks in St. Louis, Central Illinois and parts of Southern Indiana (Fishman, 2005), this restored e-staple industry has both new and old players that are presently endeavoring to stake out their portions of the online basic food item market and striving to accomplish what their ancestors proved unable. (See Appendix A for a total rundown of current US online food merchants.) Scott and Scott (2008) report the accompanying figures in regards to the current market size and capability of selling food supplies on the web. The evaluated online basic food item income was $235 million out of 1998, $2.4 billion of every 2002 and $6.2 billion out of 2006; Jupiter research gauges that the level of US online staple deals will ascend to 1% by 2009. Estate (2006) expressed that industry investigators evaluated US online basic food item deals would reach $4.2 billion of every 2006, up 27 percent from 2005. In spite of as yet being not as much as o

Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics †Free Sampl

Question: Examine about the Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics. Answer: Presentation The data framework improvement had been to a great extent liable for the advancement of the powerful and shrewd tasks of the association. The organization of the powerful and savvy activities would be useful for cutting the precise progression of tasks and coordinating the efficient progression of the chart. The work of the powerful tasks would bring about shaping the sending of the activities of the association. The progression of the activities would frame the significant usage of the data framework. The report would be produced for shaping the investigation of the different hazard factors and their effect on the advancement of the activities. The usage of the tasks would be useful in framing the viable advancement of the capacities in the association. The advancement of the improved administrations would be the essential worry for the turn of events and execution of the data framework. This report would feature the advancement of the improved administrations in the association and it would help in coordinating the current elements of the VIC. Outline of Security Risks and Threats in VIC Government The accompanying chart would be useful in investigation of the hazard factors for VIC government as it had featured the main considerations of the hazard and dangers to the data framework usage in VIC Government, The chart had been created by utilizing the Ms-Visio Software and it incorporates all the significant parts of the hazard or dangers for execution of the data framework in VIC Government. The hazard investigation had thought about the dangers and its grouping in unplanned and conscious. Be that as it may, the hazard can be ordered into inside and outside dangers relying upon the wellspring of the activities. The concise clarification of the segments utilized in the graph is given beneath, VIC Government: The clients of the actualized data framework can be spoken to as the VIC government in the graph. The information and data put away in the data framework are put away for the VIC government. The administration goes about as the essential partner for the data framework and it serves the job of client and support (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). Besides, the most essential effect of the execution of the data framework is on the individuals from VIC Government whose information has been put away in the association. The VIC government represents the quantity of people and government divisions whose information and data would be put away on the executed data framework. Data Management System: The framework that has been actualized for VIC government is Information Management System. The data the executives framework would include building up the compelling and shrewd activities for VIC government. The data the executives framework would help the legislature for doing smoother activities. As per Bommer, Crowley and Pinho (2015), the execution of the activities of data the board framework would shape the base of capacity and access to information for VIC Government. The advancement of the tasks would likewise shape the impact of the improved procedures for coordinating the activities and advancement of the improvement offices. Codes of Practices: The code of training is an essential arrangement of standards and rules created by the administration PC society for having the option to invigorate and build up the improvement plan of tasks in the framework. The code of practices has been set by Australian Computer Society for dealing with the uprightness of tasks identified with PC gadgets. The code of training is named as ISO/IEC.AC/AZS 17799:2001 and it brings about advancement of the morally right and firm acts of the tasks. The ramifications of the brilliant handling would help in framing the advancement of the framework reconciliation for the hierarchical preparing. Hazard and Threats: Bommer, Crowley and Pinho (2015) characterized chance as those variables that have an impressive effect of quickening or impeding the progression of tasks in the association. The dangers can be consider as the variables having impending risk for the consummation of the tasks. The efficient progression of activities in the data framework would be ended because of the different procedures of the tasks. The dangers have imperiled the security and protection of the tasks of the association. The usage of the activities would uncover because of the effect of the dangers on the activity of the association. The different dangers and dangers in the usage of data framework for VIC Government are disappointment of re-appropriated activities, staff mistakes, specialized disappointments, mechanical activity, robbery and misrepresentation, theft of programming, unapproved programming, unapproved get to, refusal of administration, programming blunders, loss of data, disappointme nt of correspondence, transmission blunders, site interruption, malwares, listening stealthily, and social designing issue. Coincidental and Deliberate Threats: The hazard investigation had thought about the dangers and its characterization in unplanned and purposeful. Alcorn, Good and Pain (2013) have differentiated unplanned and intentional dangers as two components. The coincidental dangers would serve the order of the activities turned out badly. The inadvertent dangers would be created with no aim of hurting the data framework in the association. The advancement of the viable and savvy tasks would be useful for basically assessing the activities in the association. The incidental dangers would frustrate the powerful and shrewd preparing of the data in VIC government. A portion of the coincidental dangers of the VIC data the executives framework usage are disappointment of re-appropriated tasks, staff mistakes, specialized disappointments, loss of data, transmission blunders, disappointment of correspondence, and programming mistakes. On the opposite purposeful dangers are deliberately done exercises that had been accomplished for hurting the activities of the association (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). The improvement of the powerful and keen activities would be useful for fundamentally assessing the tasks in the association. The conscious dangers would block the security and protection of the data in VIC government. A portion of the intentional dangers of the VIC data the executives framework usage are unapproved programming, listening stealthily, burglary and extortion, site interruption, theft of programming, unapproved get to, social building issue, modern activity, malwares, and refusal of administration. Outer and Internal Threats: As opined by Lam (2014), the hazard factors in the usage of the data framework at VIC can be arranged into outside and inside dangers. Man et al. (2013) have characterized outer dangers for the VIC government as the outside components that have influenced the improvement of the framework protection and security. These components have noteworthy impact in impeding the improvement of the viable and keen tasks. The different dangers of outer danger are forswearing of administration, specialized disappointments, unapproved get to, programming blunders, transmission mistakes, site interruption, malwares, and listening in. The ramifications of the inside dangers would be inferred for upsetting the advancement of the activities and it would frame the significant impact in basic assessment of the data framework. The interior elements would profit the ramifications of the tasks and it would shape the prevention of the activities in the advancement of the data frame work (Alcorn, Good Pain, 2013). The different dangers of inner danger are disappointment of re-appropriated tasks, staff blunders, unapproved programming, social building issue, loss of data, theft of programming, disappointment of correspondence, and modern activity. Arrangement of Risk Exposure Areas Lam (2014) has arranged the zone of the effect of hazard as far as high, medium, medium-low, and generally safe presentation zones. The usage of the data framework for VIC government would be suggested for the advancement of the data framework. The order would shape the ramifications of the data framework and improvement of the examination of the hazard presentation territories. The High Risk Exposure Areas are elements of hazard that have basic effect on the tasks of the association and it had brought about shaping the advancement of the genuine worries for the VIC government association. The execution of the data framework would need to confront the high likelihood of the event of the improvement of activities. The high hazard introduction territories are interruption, phishing, malware, and information robbery. The Medium Risk Exposure Areas are the components of hazard that have moderate effect on the activities of the association and it has brought about framing significant effe ct on the tasks of the association. The VIC government association would bring about framing the lower likelihood of the event of activities. The medium hazard presentation zones are issues of plan, information error, and programming issues. The Medium Low Risk Exposure Areas are the elements of hazard that have minor effect on the activities of the association and it has brought about shaping minor effect on the tasks of the association. The VIC government association would bring about framing low likelihood of event of activities. The medium generally safe presentation territories aren't right information passage, information incongruence, and combination issue. The Low Risk Exposure Areas are the components of hazard that have no huge effect on the activities of the association and it has brought about framing least effect on the tasks of the association. The VIC government association would bring about framing most minimal likelihood of event of tasks. The generally safe introdu ction territories are social designing issues and blunders produced

Dual Protection - Design and Copyright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Double Protection - Design and Copyright - Essay Example In addition, under what conditions can double insurance are advertised. Body Firstly, it is imperative to comprehend the contrasts between copyright assurance and plan security. Despite the fact that both are licensed innovation and both intend to secure the privileges of the IP holder, the goals and methods of assurance of each would contrast. The copyright assurance would intend to shield the architect from any maltreatment of their privileges whether the specific property has been enlisted or not. Then again, the modern plan would intend to give security to the business. Consequently, essentially dependent on their methods for security, there would be divergences. With connection to the span of assurance, copyright laws guarantee a practically ceaseless insurance, though the plan laws would just secure for a particular term. Plan laws must be reestablished at regular intervals and to a limit of 25 years altogether. Consequently, regardless of whether copyright and structures could be applied at the same time, when the plan term is finished, scarcely anyone would be keen on the copyright existing. Another significant distinction is in regards to the encroachment forms related with the plan. Plans do offer insurance even from guiltless violators who may not realize that a specific structure is as of now enrolled and is ensured. Then again, copyright accommodates a more extensive reasonable use circle that would adequately secure honest and non-business clients. By the very idea of the system of security, it tends to be stated that the two structures and copyrights are available for various purposes. The following significant distinction is the degree of security, however copyright would ensure just articulations of thoughts and not thoughts, it secures the plan in each possible structure including when it might be utilized in a 2-dimensional or a 3-dimensional structure. Notwithstanding, a plan would just ensure the appearance or the tasteful appearance to the article for which it is enrolled. The last contrast noted is that copyright doesn't require an enlistment procedure because of which 99% of all plans are really enrolled by this instrument. This has lead to insurance of structures for longer span and in all possible forms3. The double degree of security has emerged from the meaning of aesthetic work4 under the copyright Act and the general meaning of structure under the Design Act (Section 1)5. The models for satisfying copyright, is that the work ought to be unique and ought to have been made by the creator, and there it isn't important that the work be enlisted. Imaginative work all the more regularly speaks to visual portrayals of scholarly work or thoughts to be introduced in a material structure. One chance is that drawings or works of craftsmanship which is in reality imaginative work may likewise be structure drawings of mechanical items or articles of assembling of different merchandise. Copyright law offers certain rights to the proprietor including the option to make duplicates of the work, the option to disperse or impart the work to general society, the option to decipher or imitate the work starting with one structure then onto the next (for example from a 2-dimensional work to a

Buying a Term Paper Online - Learn About How It Works

Buying a Term Paper Online - Learn About How It WorksIf you are serious about becoming an accountant and are thinking of buying a term paper, then this may be the best way to go. The truth is that this type of document is just as easy to do online as it is to get offline. Here are some things to keep in mind when deciding whether or not to purchase a term paper online.Research - How much time you want to spend researching on this. It really doesn't matter what information you're going to get online since you can easily access it from any computer. However, if you have an unlimited budget, then it's always recommended that you stay with a more costly traditional method of research, which will guarantee the most information.Want - Have you wanted to become an accountant and don't have a whole lot of time to invest in your education? This may be the best option for you if you're short on time. You can either find a course online or just spend a little bit of time doing some research to determine what you want to do.Find the Best Course - Usually, when looking at a term paper, the most cost effective course is what you will find. However, don't disregard the internet because there are many other methods of finding a good program. Just because you don't get a big discount on it doesn't mean it isn't going to be a good product or course.Verify the Web Site - Before purchasing a term paper online, make sure you know what website or web site you're going to check out. There are plenty of bogus websites online, which means you should take the time to do some research on any online companies you're interested in. They may just be using a fake name, so you'll have to shop around to make sure they are legit.Buy Now - If you are in a hurry, then buy right now. You may want to do a little more research into the company and learn a little more about them. On the other hand, if you know you have a while before you have to sign up or make your payments, then it would be wise to hold off and save up for the day you need their services.Work Out a Contract - When it comes to purchasing a term paper online, there are many benefits to signing a contract before purchasing. This allows you to make sure you know what you're getting and that the company you purchased from is the most reputable. This type of contract will give you a little more peace of mind that you are getting a good quality product.

Function and Structure of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Essay

Myoglobin consist of single polypeptide chain that made up of 153 amino acid and ahs a size of 18 kDa. Its three-dimensional structure was first determined by X-ray crystallography by John Kendrew in 1957. Myoglobin is a typical globular protein in that it is a highly folded compact structure with most of the hydrophobic amino acid residues buried in the interior and many of the polar residues on the surface. X-ray crystallography revealed that the single polypeptide chain of myoglobin consist of entirely of eight (labelled A-H) alpha-helical. Within a hydrophobic crevice formed by the folding polypeptide chain is the heme prosthetic group. This nonopolypepetide unit is noncovalently bound to myoglobin and is essential for the biological†¦show more content†¦One of these is to a histidine residue which lies eight residues along helix F of hemoglobin, the proximal hitidine (His F8). The sixth bond is to one of the oxygen atoms in a molecule of oxygen. Near to where the oxygen binds to the heme group is another histidine residue, the distal histidine (His E7). This serves two very important functions. First, preventing neightboring hemoglobin molecules coming into contact with one another and oxidizing to the Fe3+ state, cause no longer bind to oxygen. Sencond, lowering the affinity of the heme for CO by preventing carbon monoxide binding with the most favourable configuration to the Fe2+. This is important because the protein can no longer bind oxygen once CO has bound irreversibly to the heme,. Thus, although the oxygen binding site in hemoglobin and myglobin is only a small part of the whole protein, the polypeptide chain modulates the function of the heme prosthetic group. Hemoglobin can bind four molecules of oxygen due to its four-heme groups, whereas myoglobin can only bind to one oxygen. The kinetics of oxygen binding of hemoglobin and myoglobin are quite different. Myoglogin exhibit a hyperbolic oxygen binding curve and hemoglobin exhibit a sigmoidial oxygen binding curve. The sigmodial curve suggest the the cooperative exist in the hemolglobing oxygen bind mechanism. 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Conflicts in Hills Like White Elephants - 1539 Words

Conflicts in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† The story begins with a man known as the â€Å"American† and his girlfriend sitting at a table outside of a train station. The station is surrounded by hills, trees, and fields in Spain. The couple is waiting for the next train to Madrid. Throughout the story there is an inner conflict with the girl as well as an external conflict between the girl and the American. They speak of an operation that must be done for them to be happy together. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. The train they are waiting for is an express train, which means once she gets on it there is no turning back. The girl views having the child as a blessing and†¦show more content†¦He tells her that she does not have to have the operation, but tells her it is the best thing to do. The girl begins to think, â€Å"And if I do it youll be happy and things will be okay like they were and youll love me† (Hemingway 107)? He r eassures her that he loves her now. Jig is more realistic about the situation and the consequences in front of her. She knows that she is going to make the ultimate decision, although she is asking for reassurance from the American(Short Stories for Students). The girl also knows that regardless of her situation, their relationship might not work out anyway. The choice to abort or not abort the baby ultimately leaves her with the same consequence: life without the American. The girl continues with â€Å"Then Ill do it. Because I dont care about me† (Hemingway 108). Saying she will do the operation in hopes of saving their relationship. â€Å"The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station†(Hemingway 108). She begins to look around at the scenery and wonder if they could really be happy after the operation. The man states that he does not want anyone but her, and he does not want anyone else because he knows it is perfectly simple (Hemingway 108), meaning that he does not want the baby, he only wants her. The girl then makes the American promise her to stop talking and changes the subject by ordering another beer. The waiter tells the couple that the train will beShow MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants Conflict Analysis795 Words   |  4 Pagesconstruct a conclusion towards the plot of any reading. Incidentally, the short story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway exemplifies the cohesive idea of being concise w ith their chosen words. Author Ernest Hemingway, expresses the quarrel between the main characters about one life changing solution that leads the reader to imply the struggle they’re endearing. However, throughout any context, conflict can strongly influence the plot of the story through 3 main ways: man vs. man, man vsRead MoreConflict Between Two Characters : Hills Like White Elephants863 Words   |  4 PagesCause of Conflict Between Two Characters: Hills Like White Elephants In Hills Like White Elephants, Ernest Hemingway tells a vague yet concentrated story about a crisis in a couple’s relationship that is left open for the reader’s interpretation. The story opens at a Spanish train station, with a brief description of the scenery at the river Ebro and the white hills that lay behind it. An American couple have drinks at the bar while awaiting their train, bickering about seemingly nothing. The twoRead More Communicating Conflict in Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants 1262 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚   Ernest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants touches on an issue as ageless as time: communication problems in a relationship. 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The young couple are forced, but shying away from the rather large â€Å"white elephantRead Moreâ€Å"the Lottery† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† Regardless of the type of society people live in controversial topics and cowardly individuals can create conflict. The stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway implement this concept. â€Å"The Lottery† is about a small town that holds an annual lottery in which the winner will be killed. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† is the story of a couple’s discussion over the decision they must make of whether orRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. 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Sample Midterm for Microeconomics free essay sample

The society would have to save more now than a society that did not emphasize the production of capital goods. C)The society will grow faster than a society that emphasizes the production of consumer goods. D)All of the above are correct. 2. The opportunity cost of attending college is likely to be highest for a high school graduate: A)who has access to student loans. B)whose family is extremely wealthy. C)who will attend a more expensive college. D)who started a successful business in high school. 3. Benny has one hour before bedtime and he can either watch TV or listen to his new Korn CD. He chooses to listen to the CD. The scarcity problems influence on Benny is seen in: A)a the decision to listen to music. B)the decision not to watch TV. C)the fixed amount of time before bed. D)the decision to choose between TV and music. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Midterm for Microeconomics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A ticket costs $7 and she will have to cancel her baby-sitting job that pays $30. The cost of seeing the movie is therefore: A)$7. B)$30. C)$37. D)$37 minus the benefit of seeing the movie. 5. When considering an economy producing only two goods, economic growth can be illustrated by: A)a movement along its production possibilities frontier. B)a movement of its production possibilities frontier toward the origin. C)moving to a point beneath its production possibilities frontier. D)an outward shift of its production possibilities frontier. 6. Normative economics reflect: A)societys laws. B)economic analysis based on facts and evidence. C)empirical and significant economic observations. D)subjective values. 7. Which one of the following statements does not characterize an economic model? A)Models are controlled experiments with the economy. B)Models should contain a set of stated assumptions. C)Models may very well omit some important economic relationships. D)Models may be an imprecise representation of the real world. 8. A basket of goods in 1987 cost $783, while the value of the same basket in 1997 was $1133. The value of this price index in 1997, based on 1987 = 100, was: A)144. 7. B)242. C)69. 1. D)117. 4. 9. If the weekly earnings index for the construction industry was 340 for 1987 (1970 = 100): A)workers in the construction industry earned $340 per week. B)they earned 340 per cent as much in 1987 as they did in 1970. C)workers earned $100 per week in 1970 and $340 in 1987. D)real weekly earnings fell by 3. 4 percent. 10. All of the following except one are true of economic theories or models. Which one is the exception? A)They attempt to establish cause and effect between economic variables. B)They always reflect reality. C)They are built with assumptions and then tested with facts. D)They are generalizations used to give context to our observations. 11. Why is there often disagreement amongst economists? A)Some who claim to be economists may not be sufficiently well trained. B)There is disagreement over what is, and what is not, a legitimate goal for society to try to achieve, possibly because some economists are left wing and others are right wing. C)The discipline is so wide and complex that no one person could be expected to cover the whole range of possible knowledge. D)There is truth in all of the above. 12. Other things equal, when the price of a good increases, we would expect: A)quantity demanded to increase. B)demand to decrease. C)supply to increase. D)quantity supplied to increase. 13. A negative relationship exists between changes in price and: A)quantity supplied. B)supply. C)quantity demanded. D)demand. Use the following to answer the next 6 questions: [pic] 14. In figure 3. , what are the implications if the price of this product is $8? A)The price would be above equilibrium. B)There would be a shortage of 300 units. C)There would be a shortage of 600 units. D)There would be a surplus of 300 units. 15. In figure 3. 4, if the price of the product is $8, how many units would be sold? A)400 units. B)500 units. C)600 units. D)800 units. 16. In figure 3. 4, what is the maximum price at which the quantity sold at a pric e of $8 could have been sold? A)$8. B)$10. C)$12. D)$14. 17. In figure 3. 4, what are the implications if the price of this product is $14? A)The price would be below equilibrium. B)There would be a shortage of 600 units. C)There would be a shortage of 1200 units. D)There would be a surplus of 600 units. 18. In figure 3. 4, if the price of the product is $14, how many units would be sold? A)400 units. B)600 units. C)800 units. D)1,000 units. 19. In figure 3. 4, what is the minimum price at which the quantity sold at a price of $14 could have been sold? A)$6. B)$8. C)$10. D)$12. 20. Which of the following pairs of goods are considered substitutes? A)Snowboards and wax. B)Coffee and muffins. C)Insulin and mouthwash. D)Margarine and butter. 1. Two goods are complements if: A)a decrease in the price of one causes more of the other to be consumed. B)they are consumed together. C)an increase in the price of one causes less of the other to be consumed. D)all of the above. 22. Suppose that the demand for widgets is price inelastic. We know that the numerical value for the price elasticity coefficient is: A)greater than one. B)eq ual to one. C)greater than zero but less than one. D)less than zero. 23. Farmers may be better off when there is a poor harvest because: A)the demand for agricultural products is inelastic. B)when demand is inelastic and supply decreases, the farmers total revenue increases. C)a small crop generates higher prices. D)all of the above. 24. If a good has a price elasticity of demand that is greater than one, then: A)demand is unit elastic and a change in price does not affect sellers revenue. B)demand is elastic and a change in price causes sellers revenue to change in the opposite direction. C)demand is inelastic and a change in price causes sellers revenue to change in the same direction. D)quantity demanded is not very sensitive to price changes. 25. Total revenue received by the seller of a good increases if: A)demand for the good is inelastic and the seller raises the goods price. B)demand for the good is unitary elastic and the seller lowers the price. C)demand for the good is elastic and the seller lowers the price. D)A and C above. 26. A good is more likely to exhibit an elastic demand: A)the shorter the time period in which people have to adjust to any price change. B)the less elastic is the demand for any complementary goods. C)the lower the price of the good relative to other goods. D)the more people consider the good a luxury. 27. When two goods are complementary, the cross-price elasticity of demand: A)is positive. B)equals zero. C)is negative. D)may be either positive or negative. 28. If the number of apples sold falls from 700 to 500 when the price of oranges falls from $5 to $4 per bushel, the (arc) cross-price elasticity is: A)1. 5. B)-1. 56. C)1. 8. D)-1. 75. 29. If a good is a luxury, its income elasticity of demand is: A)positive and less than 1. B)negative but greater than -1. C)positive and greater than 1. D)zero. 30. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of an inferior good? A)The price elasticity of demand may be greater than one or less than one. B)The income elasticity of demand is negative. C)The income elasticity of demand is between zero and one. D)The demand for the good increases as income falls. 31. Income elasticity of demand allows us to distinguish between different kinds of goods since: A)normal goods have a positive income elasticity. B)inferior goods have a negative income elasticity. C)luxury goods have an income elasticity greater than one. D)all of the above. 32. If the supply curve of wheat is vertical, then: A)quantity supplied is not sensitive to price. B)the elasticity of supply is zero. C)we are in the very short run. D)all of the above are correct. 33. Supposing that cigarette smokers demand is more price insensitive than the cigarette manufacturers supply, this means that tax incidence is: A)borne entirely by the manufacturers. B)borne entirely by the consumers. C)borne more by the manufacturers. D)borne more by the consumers. 34. If the government puts a $2 per unit tax on a product and as a result, price rises by $0. 75, which of the following statements is correct? A)The sellers pay more of the tax than the buyers. B)The buyers pay more of the tax than the sellers. C)The governments tax revenue falls. D)The quantity demanded of the product falls by 37. 5%. 35. If the government increases the excise tax on cigarettes by 10%, which of the following statements is correct? A)The governments tax revenue will fall since the demand for cigarettes is inelastic. B)The quantity demanded of cigarettes will fall by more than 10% because the demand is inelastic. C)Both the quantity demanded and supplied of cigarettes will fall by more than 10% because the demand is inelastic. D)The governments tax revenue could decrease if the increased tax resulted in a significant increase in the sale of illegal cigarettes. 36. You wait in line to buy a ticket for a show and are fortunate to buy the last ticket for $65. The lady behind you offers to buy the ticket for $100 but you refuse. We can conclude that the value you place on the show is: A)less than $65. B)$65. C)$100. D)at least $100. 37. After a price ceiling is imposed, the total economic surplus in that market will: A)rise. B)remain unchanged. C)fall. D)be reallocated from consumers to producers. 38. After a price floor is imposed, the total economic surplus in that market will: A)be reallocated from producers to consumers. B)remain unchanged. C)rise. D)fall. 39. Which of the following statements best characterizes the inefficiency induced by a price ceiling? A)Trades that would have occurred in an unregulated market arent made. B)The extra benefit from the last unit consumed is less than the extra cost. C)The enforcement of the price ceiling is extremely costly. D)Producers are encouraged to produce too much. 40. The reduction in the total economics surplus due to any market constraint policy is: A)producer surplus. B)deadweight loss. C)total economic surplus. D)consumer surplus. 41. In general, a $1 tax place on each unit a producer sells will be: A)entirely borne by the producers. B)split 50/50 between producers and consumers. C)entirely borne by the consumers. D)shared between producers and consumers. Use the following to answer the next 6 questions: [pic] 42. Referring to figure 5. 3, if the original equilibrium is at C, then an increase in the cost of production implies: A)S shifts so S, resulting in an increase in consumer surplus. B)S shifts to S resulting in a decrease in consumer surplus. C)S shifts to S, resulting in a decrease in consumer surplus. D)S shifts to S, resulting in an increase in producer surplus. 43. Referring to figure 5. 3, suppose that the shift in supply from S to S represents a tax being imposed in this market, then at the new equilibrium the per unit amount of the tax is represented by: A)OG. B)OA. C)HJ. D)EG. 44. Referring to figure 5. 3, if S represents the tax-inclusive supply curve, then the amount of tax revenue raised by this tax is equal to the area: A)EGJCI. B)AGJH. C)EAHI. D)EGJI. 45. Referring to figure 5. , the increase in price due to the tax is given by: A)EA. B)AG. C)HJ. D)OE. 46. Referring to figure 5. 3, after the imposition of a tax, the decrease in price obtained by the supplier is: A)GL. B)GK. C)EG. D)AG. 47. Referring to figure 5. 3, as a result of a tax being imposed, the total benefit of the trades that do not occur is represented by: A)JFBC. B)IFBC. C)MOFI. D)MOBC. 48. A market failure/inefficiency exists when: A)the price e stablished in the market equals the marginal cost of production. B)resources are optimally allocated. C)the price established in the market does not equate the marginal social benefit of a good and the marginal social cost of production. D)competitive markets clearing price equals both the marginal social cost and marginal social benefits. 49. When economists describe a good as being under-priced, they mean that: A)output should be increased because the marginal social benefit in consumption exceeds the marginal social cost of production. B)too much of the good is being produced since there is a negative externality associated with the good. C)resources are properly allocated since society wants more of the good at a lower price. D)there is an under-allocation of resources in the production of the good. 50. In a market economy, the ideal solution to the problem of externalities is to: A)prohibit all production involving spillover costs. B)regulate both the amount people may consume and the price they pay for goods whose production involves spillover costs. C)charge or tax producers of a good the precise marginal cost of the externality generated in production. D)allow producers to produce the output level where both the marginal private benefit and the marginal private cost equal the price.